How to Cite a Research Paper in Each Research Paper Format, papers cite while you write.

The Chicago style of citing is commonly used in humanities. It requires writers to cite sources in endnotes or footnotes. This citation provides the author with an avenue to express accountability and credibility to related literature or references used in written material. It helps an academic writer provide quotations in a research paper, as well as being commonly used for book bibliographies.

Simply provide us with requirements, pick a writer and get a plagiarism-free paper in no time.

• Book: Last Name, First Name. Book Title. Publisher City: Publisher Name, Year Published. Medium.
• Example: Smith, John. The Sample Book. Pittsburgh: BibMe, 2008. Print.
• Magazine: Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Magazine Name Publication Date: Page Numbers. Medium.
• Example: Smith, John. “Obama inaugurated as President.” Time 21 Jan. 2009: 21-23. Print.
• Newspaper: Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Newspaper Name Publication Date: Page Numbers. Medium.
• Example: Smith, John. “Steelers win Super Bowl XLIII.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 2 Feb. 2009: 4-6. Print.
• Website: Last Name, First Name. “Page Title.” Website Title.Sponsoring Institution/Publisher. Publication Date: Page Numbers. Medium.
• Example: Smith, John. “Obama inaugurated as President.” CNN.com. Cable News Network, 21 Jan. 2009. Web. 1 Feb. 2009.

The leading American method of referencing and quotation created by Sociological Association. Sociological students and scholars use the ASA citation format primarily for writing university research papers in sociology or for submitting articles to ASA journals.

ASA Research Paper Format

Talking about how to write a research paper in APA format, your APA paper should have four major sections:

The following are formats to follow in citing research paper in MLA format:

• Book: Author, A.A.. (Year of Publication). The Title of work. Publisher City, State: Publisher.
• Example: Finney, J. (1970). Time and again. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
• Magazine: Author, A.A.. (Year, a month of Publication). Article title. Magazine Title, Volume(Issue), pp.-pp.
• Example: Tumulty, K. (2006, April). Should they stay or should they go? Time, 167(15), 3-40.
• Newspaper: Author, A.A.. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Article title. Magazine Title, pp. xx-xx.
  Rosenberg, G. (1997, March 31). An electronic discovery proves an effective legal weapon.The New York Times, p. D5.
• Website: Author, A.A.. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Article title. Retrieved from URL
• Example: Simmons, B. (2015, January 9). The tale of two Flaccos. Retrieved from

Dissertations, thesis, and all kinds of academic papers will need to be cited using citation styles, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. Citing academic papers properly are done to counteract plagiarism. These citing formats are used to recognize related literary pieces and to mention references used. You should study various citing styles and research paper well before producing essays or any other pieces of academic writing. In this article, we will be tackling how to format research papers as well as how to properly reference academic papers.

Additional number rules can be found in the publication manual (p. 178)

Once again, review the specific journal’s website for exact specifications for submission.

Before getting into the nitty-gritty details related to APA research paper format, first determine the type of paper you’re about to embark on creating:

The author’s names are structured differently if there is more than one author. Things will also look different if there isn’t an author at all (which is sometimes the case with website pages). For more information on APA citation format, check out this page on the topic: APA parenthetical citation and APA in-text citation. There is also more information in the official manual in chapter 8.

How to reduce bias & labels

Narrative citations allow the author to present one or both of the required reference elements inside of the running sentence, which prevents the text from being too repetitive or burdensome. When only one of the two reference elements is included in the sentence, the other is provided parenthetically. Example:

Example of APA format for commas:
The medication caused drowsiness, upset stomach, and fatigue.

Figures represent information in a visual way. They differ from tables in that they are visually appealing. Sure, tables, like the one above, can be visually appealing, but it’s the color, circles, arrows, boxes, or icons included that make a figure a “figure.”

• Psychology
• Cognitive Science
• Neuroscience

Locating and Inserting Citations: this allows you to insert a reference from your EndNote Basic library for an in-text citation. Also, this reference will be automatically added to your bibliography on the last page of your document.

• Exclude an author because his/her name is already in the sentence
• Add pages for a quotation.

The Cite While You Write (CWYW) plugin can be a great timesaver while you are typing a document in MS Word (Windows or Mac) or Open Office. Reasons to use CWYW

1. Place your cursor in the body of text, where the citation should be inserted
2. Select Insert Citation button on the EndNote Web tool menu
3. In the pop-up window, e nter search term(s) to locate citation(s)
4. Select Find (or Enter key). This will search all of the fields of every citation in your EndNote Basic library
5. Select the reference that you wish to cite
   1. If you wish to use multiple citations from a search hold Ctrl while select references
6. Double click on an individual reference to insert OR use Insert button

Cite While You Write Preferences for Word

• Select the arrow on the right of Bibliography
• In the With Output Style dropdown, choose an Output Style
• Under the Layout tab, choose a font type and size to match your document and references.

• Select the EndNote tab in Word
• Select Preferences
• Select Applications tab
• Enter you EndNote account information
• Check the box "Remember" and select OK

1. Downloading and installing the Cite While You Write plug-in

Sometimes you need to edit an in-text citation. Common reasons to edit a citation

In APA you should just cite a general website article with the author.

APA is the abbreviation from the American Psychological Association, and this formatting style is actively used in business, social sciences and nursing. How to cite an article in an essay according to APA style?

1. Write the last name of the author followed by a comma and the first name followed by a period.
2. Write the essay title ending it with a period. You should capitalize only the first letter in the first word and not all of them like in MLA.
3. Write it in italics or underline and then end it with a period.

You can use the following example to understand what we mean: Bjork, R. A. (1989). Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory. In H. L. Roediger III, & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of memory & consciousness (pp. 309-330). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

How to cite a website in an essay

It doesn’t matter if you are just a high school student or you are already a professional writer: you should be able to cite the sources you use with a specific style of formatting. Two most popular and commonly used in citing styles are MLA and APA. They make sure there is no plagiarism in the text and provide the readers with the link where they can find more info about the paper.

You can use the following example to understand what we mean: Harris, Muriel. “Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers.” A Tutor’s Guide: Helping Writers One to One. Ed. Ben Rafoth. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2000. 24-34. Print.

MLA formatting style does not require adding the URL, However, they require you to include the publisher of the website or its sponsor (and usually it is a corporation, not an individual).

1. Write the last name of the author followed by a comma and the first name followed by a period. Then put the essay name in quotations (the period must be inside the last one) and make the first letters of words capital.
2. Write the title in italics (if you hand write, then just underline it). Before you write the name of the editor, use “Ed.”.
3. Location of the book should be written followed by a colon and then – name of the publisher.

Below, we provide tips on how to decide if you have enough resources. We also provide some general reminders on how to effectively use references. After all, references are meant to enhance your paper while still maintaining your research as the focal point.

• If you don’t have enough references, particularly on a topic familiar to a wide audience, readers may think that you haven’t done enough research into existing literature. Surely someone else has thought about related topics or used similar techniques. If you’re sloppy in conducting your diligence, readers will wonder whether your paper is worth reading. What’s novel and valuable about your paper? Were you just as sloppy with conducting your study? The answers to these questions need to be evident. Additionally, readers might be concerned that you may have plagiarized by failing to properly cite information. Unless you’re John Nash, who cited only two texts in his seminal 26-page PhD thesis (one of which was to his prior work), ensure that you’ve properly researched the relevant papers and included appropriate citations!
• If you have too many references, readers may wonder if you did any original research at all. Unless you’re writing a literature review, your paper’s primary focus should be on your investigation and findings. Don’t bury your hard work under strings of citations and discussion regarding other works. Show your readers what you’ve discovered and how the new information you present fits into or departs from the academic community’s current understanding of your topic.

Additionally, let us highlight the difference between the number of references versus citations. References are the source materials

The following are some of the many factors that may influence the number of references you use:

Let journals be your guides

Junior researchers frequently wonder how many references should be included in their research papers. The common response? “As many as you need.” What exactly does that mean? While we admit there are very few hard-set rules regarding this issue, in this article, we will try to provide more concrete guidelines that will help you assess whether you have enough references in your paper.

We would be remiss if we didn’t tell you that being at either extreme (having too few or too many references) can reflect poorly on your intellectual aptitude and your study’s validity. Here’s why.

1. The number of references required for a paper will depend largely on your work’s purpose. For example, literature and systematic reviews are surveys of existing studies. Therefore, their reference lists will be more exhaustive than those of research papers whose primary focus is the current authors’ findings. Indeed, if you examine many journals’ author guidelines, you’ll note that journals have a higher maximum reference limit for review articles than original research papers.
2. The length of your reference list will also depend on your researchpaper’s subject matter. For example, if you are writing about a less studied field, such as a subfield of neuroparasitology, you may discover that there aren’t many papers to cite. Similarly, newer fields will have fewer published papers that can be referenced. If you find yourself in this situation, review the references used by relevant current literature and see if you can expand your research, and thus your reference list, with valuable content from there.
3. Another factor will be your institution or journal’s requirements. If you are preparing a dissertation or thesis, double-check your department’s requirements. While rare, they may have specific limits. More commonly, journals restrict the number of references due to printing constraints.
4. It may happen that you don’t have access to certain literature that could have served as a reference. In such a situation, you may wish to look for an institution that may be able to provide you access to that literature for the purposes of reviewing the content.
5. Given that more papers are being published than ever before in most fields, it is likely that reference lists will grow longer simply because there are more data points and discussions available to cite. Keep track of changes to the size of reference lists in publications related to your field.
6. Finally, a paper’s length bears some correlation to the number of references.

References show that you have carefully reviewed the relevant literature and are now contributing something novel to the academic community. You establish authority and credibility when you can critically assess other literature and distinguish your findings from previous works (if any exist). We emphasize “critically assess” in the last sentence because references are only as good as you apply them to your research. Therefore, the famous adage “quality over quantity” is the key to deciding how many references are sufficient.