How to write an abstract, dissertation abstract example.

If you are writing a thesis or dissertation or submitting to a journal, there are often specific formatting requirements for the abstract —make sure to check the guidelines and format your work correctly. For APA research papers you can follow the APA abstract format.

Don’t evaluate validity, obstacles or limitations here — the goal is not to give an account of the methodology’s strengths and weaknesses, but to give the reader a quick insight into the overall approach and procedures you used.

1. State your research question and aims
2. Give a brief description of the methodology
3. Summarise your most significant findings or arguments
4. State your conclusion

A good abstract is short but impactful, so make sure every word counts. Each sentence should clearly communicate one main point.

Check your formatting

Start by clearly defining the purpose of your research. What question did you aim to answer? Use verbs like investigate, test, analyse or evaluate to describe exactly what you set out to do.

• Our analysis has shown a strong correlation between coffee consumption and productivity.
• Our analysis shows a strong correlation between coffee consumption and productivity.
• Our analysis showed was a strong correlation between coffee consumption and productivity.

Not all abstracts will contain precisely the same elements. If your research has a different structure (for example, a humanities dissertation that builds an argument through thematic chapters), you can write your abstract through a process of reverse outlining.

Avoid unnecessary filler words, and avoid obscure jargon that requires explanation — the abstract should be understandable to readers who are not familiar with your topic.

1. Dissertation objective and research problem
2. Research methods
3. Study results
4. Conclusion

Although the abstract is located at the beginning of the dissertation, you should write it at the very end so that you have the entire report to summarize. So, here are the main things that you need to include in an abstract.

When it comes to the results, you need to summarize them. You can do this part in the past simple tense or present tense. See the example below:

The next item on writing an abstract for a dissertation is indicating the research methods that you used. Indeed, you should make this as straightforward as possible. Note that you should not go into details of analyzing the validity of the study or obstacles. See the examples below:

Definition Of A Dissertation Abstract

To craft a winning abstract, you should start by defining the study purpose. So, tell the reader about the theoretical or practical problem that the study is responding to. Also, indicate the research questions that the study seeks to answer.

This study will add to the literature concerning Osho’s many works, with the practical application regarding depression and other emotional issues underlying the review.

The word count is within the recommended limit (usually, one page).



The abstract is positioned after the title page and acknowledgements, but prior to the table of contents.



The abstract clearly states the research problem or objective.



The abstract clearly and briefly describes the dissertation methodology.



The results of the study have been summarized.



The conclusion of the study is clearly stated.



The abstract is properly proofread.



It can be clearly understood even by a person without prior knowledge on the subject.

Avoid unnecessary filler words, and avoid obscure jargon — the abstract should be understandable to readers who are not familiar with your topic.

This part of the abstract can be written in the present or past simple tense, but should never refer to the future, as the research is already complete.

Don’t evaluate validity or obstacles here — the goal is not to give an account of the methodology’s strengths and weaknesses, but to give the reader a quick insight into the overall approach and procedures you used.

These results suggest that potential donors are more likely to respond to campaigns depicting victims that they perceive as socially distant from themselves. On this basis, the concept of social distance should be taken into account when designing environmental fundraising campaigns.

Write clearly and concisely

After identifying the problem, state the objective of your research. Use verbs like investigate, test, analyze or evaluate to describe exactly what you set out to do.

Next, summarize the main research results. This part of the abstract can be in the present or past simple tense.

Always stick to the word limit. If you have not been given any guidelines on the length of the abstract, write no more than one double-spaced page.

Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on:

This is the abstract, or summary, of your entire paper. It is usually no longer than 250 words in length. You should choose your words carefully so that the abstract does not get too long. Notice that there is no indentation in the abstract. It is one paragraph and the left margin is flush and the right margin is ragged (not justified). The abstract is written in the past tense and should include general overview of the paper you wrote. It also should include any major hypotheses and your method(s), if applicable. Be sure to write your results in a general style, without using numbers. The abstract should end with a very brief concluding statement.

Generally, it is one paragraph ranging from 150 to 250 words . A well written abstract should be:

• Accurate
• Nonevaluative
• Coherent and readable
• Concise

According to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed., an abstract is a "brief, comprehensive summary fo the contents of the paper" (American Psychological Association, 2020, p. 73). Including an abstract allows a reader to quickly assess whether the article will be of interest or fulfill a particular information need.

Answer

An abstract begins on its own page and is placed immediately after the cover page and before the text of the paper.

See the Quick Lesson on Abstracts in APA Academic Writer for more information.

Learn how to write an abstract and how to select keywords, including how to achieve the appropriate length, content, and format.

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Keep the content of the abstract factual

Whilst the abstract is one of the first sections in your PhD thesis, practically it’s probably the last aspect that you’ll ending up writing before sending the document to print. The reason being that you can’t write a summary about what you did, what you found and what it means until you’ve done the work.

A final point to note is the use of the EBM acronym, which stands for Electron Beam Melting in the context of 3D printing

Perhaps the best way to understand how to write a thesis abstract is to look at examples of what makes a good and bad abstract.

Explain Your Research

1. Introduction,
2. Aims and objectives,
3. Methods,
4. Results,
5. Discussion,
6. Conclusion.

• What your research field actually is,
• What the gap in knowledge was in your field,
• The overarching aim and objectives of your PhD in response to these gaps,
• What methods you employed to achieve these,
• You key results and findings,
• How your work has added to further knowledge in your field of study.

Having read this ‘good abstract’ you should have a much better understand about what the subject area is about, where the gap in the knowledge was, the aim of the project, the methods that were used, key results and finally the significance of these results. To break these points down further, from this good abstract we now know that:

1. There has been an attempt to introduce the research area, albeit half-way through the abstract but it’s not clear if this is a materials science project about 3D printing or is it about aircraft design.
2. There’s no explanation about where the gap in the knowledge is that this project attempted to address.
3. We can see that this project was focussed on the topic of structural integrity of materials in aircraft but the actual research aims or objectives haven’t been defined.
4. There’s no mention at all of what the author actually did to investigate structural integrity. For example was this an experimental study involving real aircraft, or something in the lab, computer simulations etc.
5. The author also doesn’t tell us a single result of his research, let alone the key findings!
6. There’s a bold claim in the last sentence of the abstract that this project could revolutionise the aviation industry, and this may well be the case, but based on the abstract alone there is no evidence to support this as it’s not even clear what the author did.