The following structure is recommended when discussing your research design:
Outline the various stages of your research project and provide an approximate timeline for each stage. This should include key milestones such as your literature review, collecting and analysing data, writing up your thesis and sitting your viva. You could summarise your research plan as a Gantt chart similar to the below:
Your title should indicate clearly what your research question is. It needs to be simple and to the point
A research proposal is a supporting document that may be required when applying to a research degree. It summarises your intended research by outlining what your research questions are, why they’re important to your field and what knowledge gaps surround your topic. It also outlines your research in terms of your aims, methods and proposed timetable.
5. Research Design and Methodology
If your research proposal is over 2000 words, consider providing an abstract. Your abstract should summarise your question, why it’s important to your field and how you intend to answer it
Directly below your title, state the topic your research question relates to. Whether you include this information at the top of your proposal or insert a dedicated title page is your choice and will come down to personal preference.
We’ve outlined the various stages of a PhD and the approximate duration of a PhD programme which you can refer to when designing your own research study.
In outlining your aims and objectives, you will need to explain why your proposed research is worth exploring. Consider these aspects:
Remember, your examiners are likely to already be familiar with the theory, meaning that rather than discuss every possible thing that there is to discuss about it, you instead need to discuss how and why the theory has been adapted and adopted to the context of your research.
What benefits does focusing on more than one theory bring? Perhaps one theory has shortcomings that the other addresses?
For example, in my doctoral research, my literature review focused on government responses to climate change and pointed out that there hadn’t been much discussion on local government.
But, even if you’re a positivist you still pick and choose theoretical concepts and hypotheses from a range of available options
How to structure a theoretical framework
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Then someone explained the theory framework to me in such a simple way. Here’s the eureka moment:
The theoretical framework is like a toolbox.
Did I come up with a ground breaking discovery that would revolutionise my field? Did I develop a new theory that would change the way we think about the world?
During the one-on-one PhD coaching sessions I run, the issue of how to write a theory framework comes up more frequently than any other. The theoretical framework is important, but many people find it difficult. I know I struggled with it.
My main hypothesis about the structure of value related to superiority is that value relations such as “better than” and “superior to” allow for indeterminacy in the sense that it can be indeterminate, for example, whether an amount of some value bearer is better or worse than an amount of another value bearer. Similarly, it can be indeterminate whether a good is superior to another. If this is correct, I hypothesize that it can be the basis for a convincing reply to the sequence argument against superiority that can be found in Arrhenius (2005) and Arrhenius and Rabinowicz (2015), as well as to the kind of spectra presented by Temin, Rachels and others, in which one is, for example, asked to contemplate gradually experiencing milder pain for longer durations.
In one of my attached writings sample, which is work in progress, I have started investigating whether pointing to indeterminacy can amount to a convincing reply to sequence arguments. My tentative hypothesis is that rather than bringing in theories of vagueness, such as supervaluationism, epistemicism and many-valued logic, one should, more directly, give an account of evaluative indeterminacy. One plausible way to do that may be in terms of permissible preferences or appropriate attitudes (a “fitting attitudes”-analysis of value) as, for example, Rabinowicz (2008) does. One could introduce indeterminacy in such a model, as Rabinowicz (2009) mentions, by allowing for that it can be indeterminate whether it is permissible to have some preference, or that it is permissible to have indeterminate preferences (c.f., e.g., Aldred (2007) on vague preferences). If there is evaluative indeterminacy, one probably wants to avoid that it has sharp boundaries, similar to how philosophers working on vagueness often want there to be no sharp boundary between colors that are red and those that are borderline red. Here, what we could call higher-order evaluative indeterminacy seems key. For example, the second order of such indeterminacy could say about value bearers a and b that it is indeterminate whether it is indeterminate whether it is permissible to prefer a to b. I am not aware of any thorough philosophical work on such higher-order evaluative indeterminacy, although there is a literature on betterness and vagueness (e.g., Broome 1997
My main research question is, are there value superiorities? I plan to explore at least three aspects of this question: (1) the structure of value if there is superiority, (2) measurement of value in the case of superiority, and (3) sequence arguments and infinity. Tentatively, I expect to argue at least for the following: The structure of value is such that it can be indeterminate whether, for example, a good is superior to another, and this allows one to give convincing replies to challenges that have been made against superiority. Regarding measurement, I expect to argue that vectors can represent value in the case of superiority better than Carlson argues. Finally, a sequence argument against superiority by Arrhenius (and Rabinowicz) has a potential weakness: it is not clear that an analogous argument is successful against an adjusted notion of superiority (superiority*) formulated in terms of both finite amounts and an infinity of a good.
Are some goods superior to others, such that any or some amount of a good g is better than any amount of another good g′ ? For example, Ross (1930, p. 150) finds it likely that virtue is better than any amount of pleasure. Similar ideas about bads have been discussed, for instance, that torture is worse than any amount of mild headaches. These ideas have been discussed under the labels “higher goods,” “higher values,” “value superiority,” “discontinuity,” “trumping” and “lexicality.” I will use the term ‘superiority’ for such relationships between goods or bads. Superiority has been endorsed by philosophers at least since Hutcheson in the 18 th century,[2] perhaps by Aristotle,[3] and lately by, for example, Lemos (1993), Carlson (2000), Dorsey (2009), Rabinowicz (Arrhenius and Rabinowicz 2015), Klocksiem (2016) and Parfit (2016).[4] Others have argued against it (e.g., Ryberg 2002
Project description
This is the research proposal I included in my applications to PhD programs in philosophy. I got admitted to London School of Economics and Stockholm University.[1] As an applicant, it can be difficult to know how a research proposal is supposed to look. Universities’ application guidelines are often brief and unclear. It is also unfair that applicants with the right connections, for example, applicants who know students in top PhD programs, can get help with their proposals and thereby get an edge over those who lack such connections. Hopefully my proposal being public can help those who are planning to apply to PhD programs in philosophy and level the playing field.
By Simon Knutsson
Written April 18, 2017
Which is the most plausible account of the structure of value if there is superiority, and is such an account plausible? Attempts have been made to spell out the structure of value superiority
There are some publications on ideas similar to superiority that also deal with indeterminacy or vagueness (Qizilbash 2005
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In other words, if we don’t know how to focus our attention, how we can present a coherent explanation?
Often, you need to combine concepts, hypotheses or ideas from more than one theoretical school. Employing more than one theory is entirely legitimate. I did so in my PhD.
The theoretical framework is a tricky section to write, largely because the choice available to you is huge.
Are the theories you are bringing together epistemologically compatible?
Your PhD thesis.
All on one page.
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Have you ever had a eureka moment? A moment where something that you’ve misunderstood for ages becomes crystal clear?
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