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When you write about coral reefs, you should have a clear understanding of what is a coral reef ecosystem, and what is a coral. We all saw corals on photos, videos or even live. But what exactly are corals? Are they plants or animals?
Well, now you know what corals and coral reef are. It’s time to think about your assignment and sketch the essay outline.
3.1. Coral Reef Essay Topics: Basics
Imagine a solid lime cylinder, surrounded from the inside and outside by a soft tissue of cells. In its center is the “mouth” of the coral and then it turns into the abdominal cavity. The coral feeds on plankton, capturing small marine organisms with its tentacles around the mouth, which have mucus that paralyzes the prey.
Definitely, human activity and its impact is not the only topic you can consider in coral reef essays. If you are really interested, you can look through scientific articles on coral reefs and find out the most burning issues.
Corals in their structure are very different. Some corals have a solid skeleton (which is called madrepores), some don’t have it, and some have mixed type of skeleton, like tubular coral.
By the way, it can be a crucial idea for discussion in your coral reef essay. Maybe, it is even one of the easiest ways to complete coral reef essays. For additional info, just keep reading – we also have some excellent suggestions for you on custom writing service.
López-Angarita, J. et al. Land use patterns and influences of protected areas on mangroves of the eastern tropical Pacific. Biol. Conserv. 227, 82–91 (2018).
Jones, K. R. et al. The location and protection status of Earth’s diminishing marine wilderness. Curr. Biol. 28, 2506–2512 (2018).
Tomasko, D. et al. Widespread recovery of seagrass coverage in Southwest Florida (USA): temporal and spatial trends and management actions responsible for success. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 135, 1128–1137 (2018).
Duarte, C. M. Submerged aquatic vegetation in relation to different nutrient regimes. Ophelia 41, 87–112 (1995).
Author information
Hughes, T. P. et al. Coral reefs in the Anthropocene. Nature 546, 82–90 (2017).
Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, Paris, France
Lotze, H. K. et al. Depletion, degradation, and recovery potential of estuaries and coastal seas. Science 312, 1806–1809 (2006).
Explanation: The first draft thesis shown above is only a plot summary. The improved version makes a thematic assertion that the writer can explain and support in the essay.
Example: The initial description of Richard Cory focuses on his aristocratic status and appearance: “He was a gentleman from to sole to crown, / Clean favored and imperially slim” (lines 3-4).
Explanation: The first draft thesis is stated too broadly. The revised thesis presents a precisely worded statement about the effects of Nora’s leaving Torvald and the children, and it clearly identifies her goals for the future. The improved version provides direction and control for the development of the essay.
First Draft (Poetry): In this essay, I will analyze the poem “Richard Cory” for its interesting images and characterization.
Writing a Literary Essay
7. Long quotations (i.e., quotations that are more than three or four lines long) should be presented in the indented form.
Explanation: In this passage from Shakespeare’s Renaissance tragedy, Hamlet, the act number (1), the scene number (5), and the line numbers (9-10) are shown. Note that when you include standard items, such as these, in the citation, periods, not commas, are used to separate the items.
First Draft (from Ibsen’s drama, A Doll’s House): Nora must leave Torvald and the children to become independent and find herself.
Example: Chopin’s opening sentence announces that “Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble” (265).
First Draft: “Richard Cory” tells about a wealthy man who lives in a small town and commits suicide.
Explanation: The explanatory phrase shown in brackets briefly clarifies Nora’s reference to laws of nineteenth-century Denmark. Note that squared brackets, not parentheses, are used to enclose the added information.
8. Quotations from poetic dramas should be presented in a slightly different format from the format shown above. Some dramas, particularly those of ancient Greece (e.g., Oedipus the King) and medieval or Renaissance Europe (e.g., Hamlet) are written in poetic format. Like all plays, poetic dramas present characters speaking and interacting
Writing a Literary Essay
Explanation: Although the draft thesis provides some information about Richard Cory, it lacks specific direction for the essay’s development. The revised thesis contrasts Richard Cory’s outward appearance with his inner conflicts.
6. Short quotations can be incorporated into the text of your essay.
Explanation: Note that the final period in an indented quotation precedes the parenthetical citation.
Lubchenco, J., Cerny-Chipman, E. B., Reimer, J. N. & Levin, S. A. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 14507–14514 (2016).
Policy reforms are needed 11 . And Ocean Panel leaders commit to restoring wild fish stocks, catching them at sustainable levels and expanding sustainable mariculture by 2030. They pledge to eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and prohibit harmful fisheries subsidies. They will implement science-based plans to rebuild depleted stocks, develop climate-ready fisheries (go.nature.com/3m52poz) and strengthen international Regional Fisheries Management Organizations. Policies to minimize environmental impacts and accelerate sustainable practices will be introduced for mariculture. Seafood businesses in the Advisory Network are highly supportive.
Effective marine protected areas (MPAs) are the most powerful tool to stop this loss. Fishing and other damaging activities are banned within them (go.nature.com/3ma76rf). But they take time to implement. They require planning, design, funding, compliance and enforcement. Only 2.6% of the global ocean is in fully or highly protected classes of MPAs (https://mpatlas.org). Many scientific analyses have concluded that at least 30% of the ocean globally should be covered to protect biodiversity (see, for example, ref. 14). The Ocean Panel supports that goal by 2030.
‘Blue carbon’ ecosystems of mangroves, seagrass beds and salt marshes store carbon at up to ten times the rate of terrestrial ecosystems. Much of that ends up in the atmosphere if these ecosystems are damaged or destroyed. Although they cover only 1.5% of the area of land forests, degraded blue-carbon ecosystems release 8% of the total emissions from these and terrestrial deforestation combined. Between 20% and 50% of these ecosystems have already been lost. Ocean Panel leaders pledge to halt that decline and improve the extent and condition of these ecosystems. Successful restoration of 3,000 hectares of seagrass beds in Virginia lagoons along the US eastern seaboard has resulted in sequestration of about 3,000 tonnes of carbon per year, for example 13 .
Reset Sustainable Development Goals for a pandemic world
Fenichel, E. P. et al. Nature Sustain. 3, 889–895 (2020).
Witbooi, E. et al. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2913-5 (2020).
The Ocean Panel is an ad hoc group focused on the seas that is made up of serving world leaders with direct authority to trigger, amplify and accelerate action worldwide. Co-chaired by Norway and Palau, the panel comprises Australia, Canada, Chile, Fiji, Ghana, Indonesia, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Namibia and Portugal, with support from the United Nations Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for the Ocean. Collectively, these leaders manage nearly 40% of the world’s coastlines and nearly 30% of its exclusive economic zones, 20% of the world’s fisheries and 20% of the world’s shipping fleets.
Peter M. Haugan is programme director at the Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.